Wool has been used for thousands of years for a wide range of things. Essentially a fiber from the hair of sheep, yaks and goats, it is an incredibly versatile textile with an astonishing number of uses. 80% of the world’s supply goes to the production of clothing. Garments like sweaters, hats, and coats are highly valued, especially when they are made from higher-quality materials. The many grades of wool allow for many different uses, meaning very little of the product goes to waste. Wool from incredibly soft fibers, such as Merino, is used in the production of clothing; while coarse-fibered wool is used as an excellent insulating and padding material.

Most of the uses of wool have ancient origins; however, people are in a constant process of evolution in the collection, production and application of wool. Wool is coveted for both its decorative and functional purposes. The multifaceted fiber has many positive attributes including its durability, flexibility, and water resistance.

When used in the production of clothing, wool can be knitted, crocheted, or felted. It is commonly used in sweaters, hats, pants, coats, scarves, gloves, and sportswear. Blended with other natural or synthetic fibers, wool adds wrinkle resistance to products. It is also used in animal clothing, including saddle pads and blankets for horses, camels and dogs. Dog and horse coats and blankets are made from wool to provide extra warmth and a natural layer of insulation during the colder months of the year. In addition to being used to look stylish and keep warm, wool is used during embroidery. Merino wool has been used in baby products such as baby blankets and baby sleeping bags. In ancient times, Greek warriors lined their helmets with felt and Roman legionnaires wore breastplates made of wool felt.

Moving away from garment production, the other 20% of the wool produced is used in many ways around the home. Wool can often be seen used in blankets, rugs, and curtains. Many types of furniture are stuffed with wool. Wool is even used to insulate and soundproof rooms. For centuries, wool has been used in floor coverings; Wool rugs are notoriously durable and produce vibrant colors. Today’s wool rugs are antistatic and absorb noise. Carpet padding is used to add height and insulation to carpets. Wool’s inherent resistance to flame and heat makes it one of the safest home textiles.

A differently processed wool that is incredibly popular is felted wool. This is created when the wool is compacted. Wool felt is used in shoes, hats, waterproof jackets, padding for furniture legs, bookcases, and tablecloths. Also used in pianos, it is felted wool that cushions the hammers on the inside, creating that distinctive piano sound.

Industrial uses of wool include sheets of coarse bonded wool used for thermal and sound insulation in home construction, as well as pads to absorb oil spills. It is also used to absorb odors and noise in heavy machinery and stereo speakers.

As an animal protein, wool is an effective fertilizer for the soil, as it acts as a slow-release source of nitrogen and prepared amino acids.